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John L. Stevens
John Leavitt Stevens (August 1, 1820 – February 8, 1895) was the United States Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 when he was accused of conspiring to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in association with the Committee of Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole – the first Americans attempting to overthrow a foreign government under the auspices of a United States government officer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Overthrow )〕 John L. Stevens, journalist, author, minister, newspaper publisher and diplomat, was also a Maine State Senator who was a founder of the Republican Party in Maine.
==Early life==
John Leavitt Stevens was born in 1820 in the town of Mount Vernon, Kennebec County, Maine, to Capt. John Stevens 〔Capt. John Stevens was originally from Brentwood, New Hampshire.()〕 and Charlotte (Lyford) Stevens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Genealogical and Family History of the State of Maine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Essex Institute Historical Collections )〕 He was a lifelong resident of Augusta in the same county, except for his time away at school and his later diplomatic service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Imperial Maine and Hawai'i )〕 Stevens attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary to prepare for a minister's career in the Universalist church, which he served as pastor for a decade, becoming a leader in the anti-slavery movement. (Stevens later became a firm opponent of capital punishment, and as a Maine State Senator urged the legislature to abolish the death penalty).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Bibliography of the State of Maine from the Earliest Period to 1891 )〕
After a decade as an activist Universalist minister, Stevens was persuaded by his lifelong friend Maine Governor Anson P. Morrill to give up the pulpit and become a newspaper publisher and politician. Stevens took his friend Morrill's advice, left the ministry and became a newspaper editor and publisher before becoming a Maine delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Hawaiian Kingdom )〕
Six years prior, in 1854, Stevens and his partner James G. Blaine had purchased the newspaper ''The Kennebec Journal'' in Augusta, where the pair collaborated for 14 years on editing their publication and pushing the development of Maine's Republican Party.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Indigenous Experience )〕 Stevens also played a large role in the 1876 Presidential campaign when he served as Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Maine. He stumped in the states of Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania for the Republican Presidential ticket that year, which won him an appointment as a minister representing the United States government.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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